Arts and Crafts Movement

The arts and crafts movement started in England and was established in 1860 and ended in 1910. This movement broke out due to the reaction against the Victorian Period. The founder of this movement was William Morris. William Morris was influenced by the writings of Ruskin. He also was the inspiration of craft guilds. Because of this, he formed his own company called Marshall & Faulkner. It concentrated on church decoration, stained glass, textiles, and furniture. Another arts and crafts cabinetmaker was Philip Webb. He worked for Morris and also designed the chair named after Morris, the Morris Chair. The chair was a simple honest construction made up of a solid wood frame with loose cushions on the seat and back that was widely copied. Later on in the arts and crafts movement, a Scottish architect and designer named Charles Rennie Mackintosh grew his work from the arts and craft bases. He used simple constructional elements with unusual furniture and details of lighting and metal work. His chairs were significant because of the extremely high chair backs. The most important building of his career was the Glasglow School of Art in 1896. Mackintosh's style later grew toward the freedom of Art Nouveau.

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